古文献施受句谓语体词间之“于”考

A Study on the Word "Yu(于)" Between Verbs and Nouns(Pronouns) in the Agent Sufferer Sentences in the Ancient Chinese

古文献施受句谓语体词间之“于”的性能 ,语法学者大都视“于”为被动式之标志。笔者考察古文献则发现 ,在传世典籍中 ,被动句虽常有“于”而亦或无“于”,主动句虽常无“于”而亦或有“于”。甚或对举的选择问句 ,有“于”者为主动态 ,无“于”者为被动态 ;并列的“于”字结构 ,其一为被动态 ,另一为主动态。由此看来 ,“于”之出现于施受句谓语体词间 ,并非决然为被动语态之体现者。

Concerning the function of yu between verbs and nouns (pronouns) in the agent sufferer sentences of ancient Chinese language, most of the syntactic scholars tend to consider it a symbol of passive voice. According to the author, however, yu sometime doesn't appear in passive sentences but does in the active ones in the ancient books and records. In the alternative questions, those sentences with yu are active and those without yu are passive, while in the parallel sentences with yu, on part is in active voice and the other part is in passive woice. Therefore, yu is not an inevitable symbol of the passive voice when appearing between berbs and nouns(pronouns) in the agent sufferer sentences.