动词双音化及其造成的语法后果——以“战胜”的词汇化过程为例

On the Disyllabification of Verbs and Its Grammatical Consequences:A Case Analysis of "Zhansheng"

"战胜"的词汇化过程可以概括为"两分句的谓语→有标连动结构→无标连动结构→动补式复合词",对应的语义距离是"分离→组合→粘合→融合"。"战胜"由连动结构重新分析为动补式复合词的时间不晚于唐代。语义的高度关联性是贯穿于其词汇化过程的根本原因,连词"而"的消失使"战胜"用于紧邻的句法环境是其词汇化的前提,汉语双音化的发展趋势以及动补结构的发展是"战胜"重新分析的外在推动力。从"战"、"胜"到"战胜"双音化的语法后果表现在动词及物性的变化、单双音节动词后可容纳句法成分数量的差异、论元选择差异等方面。

The lexicalization process of ＂zhansheng＂ can be summarized as ＂predicates oftwo compound clauses→marked serial verb construction→unmarked serial verb construction→resultative compound＇.The corresponding semantic distance isseparatlon→combinatoon→agglutination→fusion＂.The time of ＂zhansheng＂ was reanalyzed to a resuhative compound is not later than the Tang Dynasty. The true source of lexicalization is the close relevancein semantics. It is the precondition of the lexicalization that the disappearance of ＂er＂ （而） makes ＂zhansheng＂ in adjacent syntactic environment. The extrinsic motivations ofreanalysis are the growing trend of disyllabification and the development of serial verb constructions. The grammatical consequences from ＂zhan＂, ＂sheng＂ to ＂zhansheng＂ in-volve the differences of transitivity, the different number of syntactic constituents behind verbs,differences in the selection of arguments.