物权的效力问题之我见

Some Thoughts on the Issue of the Effect of Real Rights

物权有哪些方面的基本效力 ,其内容如何 ,是物权法上颇有争议的一个重大问题。本文认为 ,物权的效力应归纳为对物的支配效力、对其他物权的排他效力、对债权的优先效力、对妨害的排除效力四项。支配效力与排他效力应并列为物权的两项效力 ,而物权的排他效力包含成立上的排他效力与实现上的排他效力两个方面 ;物权的优先效力仅指优先于债权的效力 ,所谓“物权相互间的优先效力”应属物权于实现上的排他效力之表现 ;物权的妨害排除效力指物权请求权 ,包括物之返还、妨害除去、妨害预防三方面的请求权 ;物权的追及效力则已为其他效力所包含 。

On which aspects are real rights effective?What are the connotations of those effects?These are important issues in the field of property law.The author in this article holds that effects of real rights may be generalized as the effect of control upon things,the exclusive effect upon other real rights and the preemptive effect upon creditors' rights as well as the effect upon the exclusion of hindrance.The effect of control and the effect of exclusion are two parallel effects of real rights,while the effect of exclusion of real rights comprises such effects as the effect upon the creation of real rights and that upon the realization of real rights.The preemptive effect only refers to its preemption over creditors' rights.The so-called “priority among real rights”actually means the expression of the effect of exclusion upon the realization of real rights.The effect upon the exclusion of hindrance refers to the right of real claim,including the claim for the return of things,the claim for the exclusion of hindrance and the claim for the prevention of hindrance.The retroactive effect of real rights is comprised in the other effects,and it is inappropriate to treat it separately.