发达资本主义国家化解自身基本矛盾的历史轨迹及启示

The Historical Track and Inspiration of How Developed Countries Solve Their Basic Contradictions

生产社会化与资本主义私人占有形式之间的矛盾是资本主义的基本矛盾。这一矛盾的发展必然导致以生产相对过剩为主要特征的经济危机,资本主义不得不在周期性爆发的经济危机中踯躅前行。而化解基本矛盾,就成为资本主义能否存活以及保障存活质量的关键所在。就发达资本主义国家的历史和现实来观察,化解基本矛盾主要是通过两条线索展开的:在国内,是通过对资本主义生产关系具体形式的调节来实现;在国际上,主要推动并利用不断发展的经济全球化来缓解生产相对过剩的经济危机,并逐步使之成为化解基本矛盾的"常规武器"。但始作俑于美国的国际金融危机和正在发展的欧洲主权债务危机表明,在经济全球化背景下,化解基本矛盾的内、外两种手段不可避免地要交织在一起,使得经济全球化作为发达资本主义化解基本矛盾的手段也成为一把"双刃剑",具有某种使得经济危机蔓延、放大的多米诺骨牌效应,也暴露出资本主义基本矛盾无法根本解决的性质。中国应该理性面对经济全球化,从中国的实际出发,制定国家经济社会发展战略和策略,在同发达资本主义国家的博弈中稳健发展。

The contradiction of social production and the capitalist private possession is the basic contradiction of capitalism. The development of this contradiction will deftnitely lead to the economic crisis which is characterized by the relative surplus produc- tion. Capitalism has to march hard with the crisis. Thus, to solve the basic contradiction is the key of whether capitalism will survive and how it will develop. Observing from the history and reality of developed countries, they solve the contradiction mainly in two ways. Inside the nation, they regulate the concrete forms of production relations internationally, they take advantages of the economical globalization to release the crisis of relative surplus of production, and gradually turn it into a regular weapon to deal with the contradiction. However, the international financial crisis which starts from America and the strengthening debt crisis of European countries demonstrate that under the background of economical globalization, the two ways to solve the contradiction interfere with each other unavoidably, which turns into a double-edged sword and can amply the domino effect and spread economic crisis, and also clarifies that the basic contradiction of capitalism can＇t be totally solved. China should cope with the economical globalization rationally, set up developing strategies based on the reality and make steady progress in the game with developed capitalist country.