试论德摩斯梯尼与喀罗尼亚战役的关系

On the Relationship between Demosthenes and the Battle of Charonea

喀罗尼亚战役是一场决定希腊城邦命运的战役。这场战役之所以发生与雅典演说家德摩斯梯尼的活动有很大关系。德摩斯梯尼拒绝参加近邻同盟针对安菲萨人的特别会议的主张,使得亲马其顿的近邻同盟会议得以发动了第四次神圣战争,马其顿军队直逼温泉关。在德摩斯梯尼的热情推动之下,底比斯与雅典迅速结成了同盟,共抗马其顿军队。喀罗尼亚的决战是德摩斯梯尼一系列政策主张得以实现的必然结果。德摩斯梯尼是一位爱国者,但他的政策主张却是脱离现实政治的。

The fate of Greek states has been determined by the Battle of Charonea.Why the battle has happened in 338 B.C.is the struggle of Demosthenes.Because Demosthenes refused Athens embassy to participate in the special council of Amphictiony in the summer of 339 B.C.,the pro-Macedonian Amphictiony Council have Launched the Fourth Sacred War,and so the Macedonian army marched straight for Thermopylae.By the passionate persuasion of Demosthenes,Athens and Thebes had decided to be ally swiftly in order to resist the Macedonian.Thus,the decisive battle of Charonea is the inevitable outcome of series of policies proposed by Demosthenes.Demosthenes was a keen patriot,but his policy has not founded in the realistic politics.