朱熹与中国思想的道统论问题

Zhuxi and the Problem of Orthodoxy in Chinese Thought

朱熹道统论思想的背景是儒、佛、道三教并立,其道统论一方面意在以新儒学在新的历史条件下承继帝、王、孔子,另一方面则在确立儒教在三教状况下的主导性,后者是其道统思想中的正统论面向。朱熹承接了孔子时代业已具有的道统论的两条线索,即治统上断自尧舜、教统上始自伏羲神农黄帝的两重道统论,并重点突出以教统方式承接道统,其方式有二:一是建立新经学体系,即《四书》,新经学不再是与治统相关的王官学,而是以成人为目标的教化体系;二是建立师道传承的谱系,使包括自己在内的二程一系的学统由作为一家一派的子学或三教之一的儒学而进升至道学,由此与列于《儒林传》的旧经学意义上的儒家区别开来。

The aims of Zhuxi＇s thought of Orthodoxy is as follow： on the one hand,to carry forward and develop the traditional cultural legacies left over from the Era of Five-Emperors、Three-Kings and the Period Since Confucius in order to maintain the continuity between the new times which Zhuxi lived in and the above-mentioned Eras;on the other hand,to establish Neo-Confucianism＇s domination over Buddhism and Taoism.Zhuxi followed Confucius to develop his thought of orthodoxy in two dimension：one is to build the new classical system,namely the Four Books,the other is to establish the orthodox lineage —Daoxue（道学） which based on Chengyi and Chenghai and their disciples.