一种两性葡萄糖胺表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

Synthesis and properties of an amphoteric glucosamine surfactant

在乙醇介质中,用KOH对葡萄糖胺盐酸盐(GAH)脱酸生成葡萄糖胺(GA),再与氯乙酸反应制得羧甲基氨基葡萄糖(CM-GluN),CM-GluN进一步与环氧丙基十二烷基二甲基氯化铵(DTGA)反应合成了两性氨基葡萄糖表面活性剂(2-羟基-3-十二烷基二甲基季铵基)丙基-6-O-羧甲基氨基葡萄糖(QA-CM-GluN)。采用IR和N元素分析对QA-CM-GluN进行了结构表征,并测试了其表面性能。结果表明,25℃下,QA-CM-GluN的cmc为0.001 mol.L-1,γcmc为25.78 mN.m-1,Γmax为3.78×10-10mol.cm-2,Amin为0.44 nm2;并表现出一定的乳化性和泡沫性能;与十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12),Tween 80和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)配伍良好,无分层现象。

Glucosamine hydrochloride（GAH） was de-acidified by KOH in ethanol solution to obtain glucosamine（GA） and the GA further reacted with chloroacetic acid to produce 6-O-carboxymethyl glucosamine（CM-GluN）.Then an amphoteric glucosamine surfactant（2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium） propyl-6-O-carboxymethyl glucosamine（QA-CM-GluN） was prepared by reaction of epoxypropyldodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride（DTGA） with CM-GluN.The structure of QA-CM-GluN was characterized by IR and elementary analysis.The surface activities of QA-CM-GluN measured at 25 ℃ are as follows：critical micelle concentration（cmc） 0.001 mol·L-1,surface tension（γcmc） 25.87 mN·m-1,saturated adsorption（Γmax） 3.78×10-10 mol·cm-2,saturation adsorption area（Amin） 0.44 nm2.Emulsifying power and forming power of the product was measured.The product shows good compatibility with dodecyl dimethyl betaine（BS-12）,Tween 80 and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride（1631） respectively and no stratification phenomenon happens.