疫苗免疫在禽病控制上的进展

Progress in Control of Poultry Diseases with Vaccines

疫苗免疫已有 1 0 0 0多年的历史 ,但只有进入二十世纪以后 ,疫苗科学才得到了迅速的发展。目前商品性疫苗主要是弱毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗和亚单位疫苗三大类 ,它们有各自的优点和不足。新一代的疫苗 ,如基因缺失疫苗、载体疫苗、核酸疫苗和病毒 -抗体复合物疫苗等 ,将从质和量两方面改善其免疫应答和免疫保护 ,并导致新的疾病控制策略的出现。疫苗免疫的这种趋势将可通过遗传工程技术、新佐剂的研究和新的疫苗接种技术而实现。

Vaccination has been a history of over 1 000 years .But the vaccine science did not get rapid development until the beginning of the twentieth century .The vaccines at the present day can be divided into three main categories (attenueated live vaccine,killed vaccine and subunit vaccine),and all of them have their advantages and disadvantages, respetively.The new generation vaccines (gene lacked vaccines ,vectored vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines and virus antibody complex vaccines,etc.)will improve hosts immune response and immunity of the vaccines in their quantity and quality,and result in developing new strategies of poultry disease control.The tendency of vaccine development will be put into practice with progress in genetic engineering technique,novel adjuvant and vaccination technique.