不动产登记机构错误登记赔偿责任的性质与形态

The Nature and Form of Liability for Damage from Mistakes of Real Estate Registration Agencies

不动产登记机构对登记申请的审查、登记行为是物权变动行为的组成部分,是不动产物权变动的公示方法和生效要件。它是对当事人的合意与申请登记的基础法律行为起辅助作用的补助行为,尽管其中有一定的行政因素和管理成分,但就物权登记行为的整体构造、主要功用、基本性质而言,应属私法上的行为。登记机构错误登记的赔偿责任因此应定性为民事责任。惟此方能妥善解决在登记机构与登记申请人承担共同责任时的责任形态及诉讼程序问题。登记机构与登记申请人的行为如构成共同侵权,二者应承担连带赔偿责任;如构成混合侵权,登记机构的责任宜确定为补充责任。登记机构追偿权的行使,也因其责任形态的不同而有所差异。

The review of registration application and the act of register from real estate registration agencies are constituent parts of the act of real right change,and are the method of public summons and effective element of the change of real property.They are complementary acts playing a supplementary role in the basic legal acts of parties＇ agreement and registration agreement.In spite of a certain administrative factor and management element,it should belong to the act of private law with regard to the integral structure,major function and fundamental nature of real right registration.The liability for damage from mistakes of real estate registration agencies thus should be defined as civil liability,which could make it the only way to solve the problems concerning the form of liability and litigation procedure arising from the circumstance when registration agencies and registration applicants bear joint liability.The registration agency and registration applicant should bear joint and several liabilities for damage in case their acts constitute joint torts;the registration agency should bear supplementary liability in case constituting mixed torts.The exercise of the registration agency＇s recourse also has differences according to the different liability forms.