孕妇配偶焦虑与社会支持的相关性研究

Study on the Relationship between Anxiety and Social Support in the Spouses of Pregnant Women

目的描述孕妇配偶在妊娠期的焦虑和社会支持现状,并探讨孕妇配偶获得社会支持对其焦虑情绪的影响。方法 2010年11月-2011年4月,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对105例(回收99例)孕妇配偶进行问卷调查。结果孕妇配偶的SAS条目中焦虑及乏力、尿频、多汗等躯体症状得分依次为(1.56±0.58)、(1.62±0.74)、(1.49±0.75)、(2.48±1.18)分,高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其客观支持、主观支持及社会支持总分依次为(9.48±2.84)、(22.40±3.83)、(7.48±1.83)分,低于国内常模,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时,SAS与客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度及社会支持总分呈负相关,r值依次为0.260、0.244、0.094、0.347,其中SAS与客观支持、主观支持和社会支持总分的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕妇配偶所获得的社会支持越少,其焦虑程度及出现的躯体化症状越高,作为医务人员,应正确认识孕妇配偶在特殊人生时期存在的心理问题,及时的提供指导,鼓励其表达自己内心的感受,学会利用各种方法来调整自己的心态,并主动扩大其支持系统。同时更应该向家庭、社会提出呼吁,改变传统观念,关注孕妇的同时也要关注孕妇配偶的情感状况。

Objective To describe the current situation of anxiety and social support in the spouses of pregnant women,and explore the relationship between them. Methods Between November 2010 and April 2011, 105 spouses of pregnantwomen were investigated with the self-rating anxiety scale and the social support rating scale, and among them, 99 retreatedtheir scales. Results The entry of SAS anxiety and other physical symptoms including fatigue, frequent urination, sweatingfor the spouses of pregnant women scored 1.56 ± 0.58, 1.62 ± 0.74, 1.49 ± 0.75, and 2.48 ± 1.18, respectively, which were allsignificantly higher than the national norm （P〈0.05）. However, the objective support, subjective support and social supportwere all significantly lower than the national norm, which scored 9.48 ± 2.84, 22.40 ± 3.83, and 7.48 ± 1.83, respectively （P〈0.05）.Meanwhile, SAS and objective support, subjective support, utilization of support and social support were negatively correlated,and the r value were 0.260, 0.244, 0.094, and 0.347, respectively, and their correlation had statistical significances.Conclusion The less social support spouses of pregnant women receive, the more severe their anxiety and physical symptomsare. As medical personnel, we should correctly recognize the spouses’ psychological problems in the special period, providetimely guidance to encourage the expression of their inner feelings, and guide them to learn to adjust their mentality status andtake the initiative to expand their support system. At the same time, we should call upon the family and community to change thetraditional concept. As we are concerned with pregnant women, we should also care about their spouses.