几种人体气味物质对蚊虫引诱效果的研究

Attraction of several human odorous chemicals to mosquitoes

目的在室内测试几种人体气味化学物质对蚊虫的引诱效果,并在野外进行现场效果测试。方法室内引诱效果评价以白纹伊蚊为测试对象,采用"Y"型嗅觉仪的方法;现场引诱效果评价采用化学物质与二氧化碳灯诱相结合的方法。结果室内测试中,1μg/μl和10μg/μl辛酸、0.1μg/μl吲哚对白纹伊蚊引诱作用明显;现场引诱结果显示1,0μg/μl辛酸+CO2共引诱蚊虫368只,库蚊占99%,比单独二氧化碳的引诱效果好,表明辛酸具有增效引诱作用,并对库蚊具有较强的引诱专一性。0.1μg/μl吲哚与二氧化碳共用时,诱集蚊虫数量比单独用二氧化碳和单独用吲哚多,而且诱集按蚊33只,占诱集蚊虫的30%,而单独用吲哚和单独用二氧化碳都没有诱集到按蚊,表明吲哚对蚊虫具有明显引诱作用,对中华按蚊具有较好的引诱作用。1μg/μl对甲苯酚与二氧化碳共用时,诱集到蠓28只,而单独用二氧化碳和单独对甲苯酚均没有诱集到蠓,表明对甲苯酚可能对蠓具有引诱作用。结论与二氧化碳共用时,辛酸和吲哚对蚊虫的引诱作用明显增强,辛酸表现出对库蚊的专一性;对甲苯酚可能对蠓具有引诱作用。

Objective To test attraction of six human odorous chemicals to mosquitoes in laboratory and field.Methods ＂Y＂ olfactometer and CO2 trap methods were adopted to investigate attraction effects in laboratory and fields trails.Results Octoic acid and indole exhibited significant attractiion to Ae.albopictus at 1,10 and 0.1 μg/μl dose respectively in laboratory tests.In field trials,10 μg/ μl octoic acid ＋ CO2 attracted 368 mosquitoes and the percentage of Culex mosquitoes was 99%.The results indicated that octoic acid could increase attractive effects of CO2 to Culex mosquitoes.0.1μg/μl indole ＋ CO2 attracted more mosquitoes than indole or CO2 used alone.Indole exhibited the attractive potential to Anopheles mosquitoes.Used with CO2,p-Cresol exhibited significant attraction to midges at 1 μg/μl dose.Compared to the p-Cresol or CO2,this chemical may play an important role in attraction to midges.Conclusion Attraction effects of octoic acid and indole markedly enhance when using with CO2.Octoic acid shows the specific attraction to Culex mosquitoes,and p-cresol shows the attraction potential to midges.