老年大学对丰富老年人文化生活、提高老年人生活质量作用的研究

A RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF COLLEGE FOR SENIOR CITIZENS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY

目的：为了解老年大学在丰富老年人文化生活，提高老年人生活质量的作用。方法：制定统一的调查表格， 取得学员的合作与支持，随机抽样，在５所老年大学，共计调查７８８名老年大学学员。结果：（１）在离退休后经常参加的闲 暇活动仅有３项，而入学后增达１０项。（２）社交活动、娱乐、保健活动、兴趣爱好性活动、或是事家庭服务性活动的人数 均较入学前明显增加，差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）入学前有３１．７％的人是因为离退休后，无事消磨时间。入学后 ４３．９％老年人感到生活有了追求。（４）消极的心理感受人数较入学前减少，积极的心理感受人数较入学前增多，人数变 化差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（５）无论从老年人及从健康状况的自我评估看，自入学前、后正性、负性情感变化的人数， 或是从老年人对生活满意度的自我评估来评价老年人的生活质量，均较入学前有明显提高。结论：老年人离、退休后闲 暇时间增多，如何安排好闲暇活动，与提高老年人的生活质量密切相关。参加老年大学后，生活质量有明显提高。说明 兴办老年大学是提高老年人生活质量，促进健康老龄化的一种切实可行的办法。

Objective: An investigation was performed on the changes of life quality in elderly students from College for Senior Citizens. Methods An unified questionaire was asked to be filled in by randomly selected 788 voluntary elderly students from five Colleges for Senior Citizens. Results Before and after the retirees attended the Colleges, the following aspects were compared: (1) the leisure time activities increased from 3 to 10 items; (2) the number of participants in the social intercourse, recreation, health care exercise, hobby and housework increased markedly (P < 0 .01); (3)at first 31 .7% retirees felt nothing to do to spend the time, but now 43 .9% retiree students had a new life to pursue; (4) the dispirited psychological feeling of retirees change to active ones (P < 0 .001); (5) because of their leisure time activities became rich and colorful, their quality of life from different aspects was markedly improved, such as the health status, the psychological feeling, the satisfaction of daily life, etc. Conclusions Arranging properly the retirees' leisure time is closely connected to the improvement of their life quality. Colleges for Senior Citizens afford a feasible opportunity in improving the retirees to enjoy a happy and healthy aging period.