虚拟水研究综述与展望

Overview and prospect for literatures of virtual water research

对有关虚拟水文献进行了总结,汇总并整理了虚拟水概念,从测量方法及商品中的虚拟水量测算、虚拟水贸易与流动趋势、虚拟水贸易与水资源配置效率、虚拟水与水足迹、虚拟水与水资源战略这5个方面综述了虚拟水研究的进展,指出在虚拟水研究中工业品的虚拟水研究是弱点,尤其是灰色虚拟水在计量方法方面还需要创新;虚拟水流动与水价(相对价格)的关系在水资源配置及水安全战略的研究中还是空白;虚拟水在节能减排尤其是污水排放治理中的重要性需要全新认识。

The literatures of virtual water research are reviewed. The concepts of virtual water are summarized. The research advances in the virtual water are overviewed from the following five aspects：（1） methods and calculation of the virtual water in different products; （2） virtual water trade and flow trend; （3） virtual water trade and efficiency of water resources allocation; （4） virtual water and water footprints; （5） virtual water and water security strategy. Among which the virtual water in industrial goods is the weakness, especially the methods for grey virtual water. The relationship between the virtual water flow trend and the water price is scarce in researches on water resources allocation and water security strategy. More understanding is needed for the virtual water in its role in energy saving and release diminishing projects, especially in sewage treatment projects.