虚拟水研究进展

Research advances in virtual water

虚拟水研究已成为水科学的研究热点,在解决水资源危机和粮食安全危机等方面发挥着重要作用。从虚拟水及其相关概念、虚拟水的量化研究、虚拟水战略、水足迹、虚拟水贸易及虚拟水流动、虚拟水与水资源和粮食资源的关系、虚拟水生态补偿领域7个方面综述了虚拟水研究成果,并对今后的研究做了展望:虚拟水研究应按照特征结构格局机理的研究范式,进一步加强虚拟水的系统性研究;应加强基于虚拟水视角下的农业生态补偿机制研究;将虚拟水思想与水权理论相结合,创新水权理论;根据农田生态系统具有生态服务功能价值及虚拟水在绿水中的地位与作用,可适当减少绿地面积,增加耕地面积,既维持了良好的生态环境又提高了粮食产量。

The virtual water research has become the focus of the Water Science, and the virtual water has played an important role in solving the water crisis and food security crisis. The research achievements in the virtual water research are reviewed from seven aspects of virtual water concepts, quantitative studies, strategies, water footprints, virtual water trade and flow patterns, relationship among virtual water, water resources and food resources, and virtual water for ecological compensation. Meanwhile, the future researches in this field are prospected： （1） systematic researches on virtual water should be strengthened according to the paradigm of characteristics, structure, pattern and mechanism; （2） researches on agricultural ecological compensation mechanism based on the perspective of virtual water should be highlighted; （3） the theory of water right should be innovated by its combining with the virtual water thought; （4） the green area may be appropriately reduced and the cultivated area be raised according to the value of the ecological service function of the farmland ecological system and the position and function of virtual water in the green water. In this case, the good ecological environment will be maintained and the food production may be promoted.