平底刀最优刀轴矢量规划算法

Optimal Tool Orientation for Five-axis Flat-end Cutter Machining

在进行自由曲面平底刀五轴数控加工刀轴矢量规划时,现有算法多以材料去除率最大作为优化目标,然而加工效率最高的刀轴矢量不一定是刀具最优姿态,还需要综合考虑加工质量、刀轴光顺等因素。从这几个方面建立单个刀轴矢量和相邻刀轴矢量光顺性的度量指标,并以归一化度量指标加权和最小作为优化目标建立刀轴矢量优化模型,经理论分析将多目标规划问题转化为力学平衡问题,弹簧模型中高斯球面上运动节点的平衡位置就是最优刀轴矢量。仿真结果表明SE权因子影响加工效率,DW、DM权因子影响机床运动平稳性,DF权因子影响切削条件,选择合适的权因子可以获得材料去除率大、加工效率高以及在工件坐标系、机床坐标系和进给坐标系下光顺的刀轴矢量。

While determining the optimal tool orientation for five-axis flat-end cutter machining,most algorithms only pursue the maximum material removal rate without taking into account other factors,such as the machining quality and the smoothness between adjacent tool orientations.The metrics of tool orientation considering all above are established.Aiming at the minimal weighted metrics,an optimization model with several springs is established,and the problem of finding optimal tool orientation is treated as the mechanical equilibrium problem.The fixed point at Gaussian map will converge to locus of the optimal tool orientation.The simulation results show that the weight of SE and DF influences the machining efficiency and quality,respectively,and the movement smoothness is affected by DW and DM weights.The optimal tool orientations with high efficiency,stable machining and smooth movement can be determined using an appropriate group of weights.