放牧制度对伊犁山地草甸植被特征及新疆细毛羊体重的影响

Influence of Grazing System on Vegetation Characteristics and Body Weight of Xinjiang Fine Wool Sheep in Yili Mountain Meadow

采用小区控制放牧试验,研究了划区轮牧、自由放牧对伊犁禾草+杂类草山地草甸植被特征及其细毛羊体重的影响。结果表明,与不放牧对照相比,两种放牧方式均显著降低了山地草甸群落盖度、可食牧草和毒害草产量、群落功能群多样性及各植物功能群的高度、盖度、产量(P<0.05),增加了可食牧草的密度。划区轮牧条件下山地草甸群落盖度显著高于自由放牧区(P<0.05),可食牧草产量、毒害草产量、密度及各植物功能群的高度、盖度、密度和产量在两种放牧制度间差异不显著(P>0.05),但划区轮牧有利于多年生禾草类、多年生莎草类及有害植物类的生长发育,不利于有毒植物的生长发育。与自由放牧比,划区轮牧下每只新疆细毛羊体重增加1.3～2.1kg,但两种放牧制度间差异不显著(P>0.05)。

The effect of grazing system,including continuous grazing and rotational grazing on vegetation characters and production performance of fine wool sheep in grasses-forbs mountain meadow in Yili by grazing experiment was studied.The result showed that compared with ungrazing,the community coverage,yield of edible forage and badly-poisonous plant,plant functional group diversity of mountain meadow and the height,coverage,yield of different plant functional group significantly decreased under grazing conditions（P〈0.05）,and the density of edible forage increased.The coverage of mountain meadow in rotational grazing area was significantly higher than that of continuous grazing area（P〈0.05）,whereas the yield of edible forage and badly-poisonous plant,density and the height,coverage,density,yield of different plant functional group had no significant differenence between two grazing systems（P〉0.05）,but rotational grazing was benefit for growth and development of perennial grasses,perennial sedge grasses and harmful plant,and was bad for growth of poisonous plant.The body weight of Xinjiang fine wool sheep in rotational grazing area increased more than that of continuous grazing area,but there was no significant difference between two grazing systems（P〉0.05）.