19世纪美国城市环境卫生问题和对策——兼与近代中国城市比较

Dealing with American Urban Environmental Problem in 19th Century——Comparing with Modern City of China

19世纪美国城市化发展十分迅速,人口和经济活动的大量集中给城市发展带来了严峻的环境问题。为了创造卫生、健康和宜人的城市环境,市政官员、专业技术工程师、改革积极分子和普通市民联合起来,为解决城市问题进行不懈努力。科学的城市规划成为城市发展的重要手段。同一时期,中国近代城市的市政建设也开始起步,主要是通商口岸城市引进国外先进经验和技术,来解决城市人口迅速增加所面临的环境卫生压力。但从整体上看,中国近代城市在这一领域进步有限,发展非常不平衡。

The fast development of American urbanization in 19th century brought about serious environmental problems. In order to make the city health and amenity, officers, engineers, reformers and citizens had united to seek the solutions. The scientific city plan had become the important roles in city development. Meanwhile, the China＇s modem city constructions and sanitations had early growth; the treaty ports introduced new techniques and experiences from European or American cities to reply the press of the high concentration of city people. However, China＇s modem city had only limited progresses and imbalanced achievements in this area wholly.