被征地农民养老保障政策问题发生的中国情境

The Situation of Policy Issue on Expropriated Peasant Old-age security in China

文章在对土地养老保障、社会养老保障与被征地农民社会养老保障的共时关联性分析以及城市化、征地补偿安置与被征地农民养老保障的历时关联性分析的基础上,尝试性地对被征地农民养老保障政策问题发生的中国情境做出回应。在土地承担保障功能且土地保障与养老结合最为紧密的宏观背景下,补偿权与社会保障权的混淆是我国征地补偿安置长期存在的显著特征。在计划经济体制下,因政府通过土地重新分配或非农就业安置间接承担了被征地农民养老保障的基本责任,补偿权与社会保障权的混淆并没有实质性地损害被征地农民的养老保障利益;但在市场化转型时期特定的政策内外环境系统中,由政府主导进行的被征地农民养老保障责任分担结构内部,政府对被征地农民养老责任的"后撤"同时意味着非正式的和制度性的被征地农民个人养老责任的"强化"。被征地农民在没有得到公平补偿的现实情况下,只能主要通过自我积累与市场竞争来实现养老需求,并最终导致了被征地农民养老保障问题的发生,且因工业化与城镇化进程的快速推进而更加严重。

Based on the synchronic correlation analysis of land security,social old-age security and expropriated peasant social old-age security as well as the diachronic relevance analysis of urbanization,land expropriation compensation and expropriated peasant old-age security,the article attempts to respond to the situation of policy issue on expropriated peasant old-age security in china.The study draws the conclusions that： the right to compensation and to social security confused in a long-term in china.Under the planned economy system,the confusion does no substantial harm to pension benefits of expropriated peasant because the government bears the basic liability of old-age security indirectly by way of land redistribution or non-agricultural employment placement.With the market economic system introduced,the government does not bear the basic liability of social security for expropriated peasant.At the same,with no fair compensation in reality,expropriated peasant has only to meet their pension demand through self accumulation and market competition.All of these lead to the policy issue of old-age security occurs ultimately.This situation becomes more and more serious with rapid development of industrialization and urbanization.