“三知”为先与君子人格的塑造

Priority of the “Three Understanding” and the Mould of the Superior Men

《论语》以"三知"终篇,在清初朱学意味知先行后的理路。"三知"的目的在塑造君子人格,作为修身处世的要道,关键要找准进入的端口。知命、知礼立足于生命和礼法,知虽在先却又须落实于"为"、"立"君子的实践;知言的从知言到知人是双重的重知,但同时又有自身的行的问题。"三知"之间有特色和作用的不同,但在朱熹"论先后,知为先;论轻重,行为重"的基础上可以统一起来。

The end of the analects of Confucius stresses the ＂three understanding＂ that are recognizing destiny,acquainting propriety and understanding words,which means knowing is prior to doing in Zhu Xi＇s doctrine of the early Qing Dynasty.The aim of the ＂three understanding＂ is to mould the superior men through the practices which cultivating oneself and running society.All of the ＂three knowing＂ are based on Zhu Xi＇s ideas that knowing is prior to doing.Though knowing is prior,it connects to the doing of men.Although the characters and functions among them are different,they can be unified in Zhu Xi＇s theory,which is if it comes to the order,knowing is prior;if it comes to the importance,doing is much more important.