门诊普通感冒患者对普通感冒认知的调查

A survey of knowledge on common cold in outpatient clinics

目的通过了解普通感冒患者对感冒的认知程度及感冒用药习惯，为今后开展公众教育提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的感冒调查表，就患者一般情况、感冒患病、认知程度、治疗情况等对既往3个月内因感冒就诊的患者进行问卷调查。结果实际共计调查患者5021例。52．21％（2609／4997）的患者不能正确认识感冒病因，12．99％（649／4995）的患者不清楚感冒的危害，34．80％（1739／4997）的患者不能正确区分普通感冒与流行性感冒，30．07％（1504／5001）的患者认为感冒必须经过治疗才能痊愈，68．24％（3410／4997）的患者不能正确认识流感疫苗的作用；61．14％（3058／5002）的患者感冒后经常口服药物甚至输液治疗，59．77％（2988／4999）的患者并非经由医生处方药物治疗，而是去药店自选购买感冒药物，少数去医院点名购买感冒药物；19．42％（968／4985）的患者不清楚感冒药物的副作用，19．72％（984／4985）的患者不清楚感冒药物的有效成分。感冒认知正确度在不同年龄、不同受教育程度者间存在明显差异，年龄大、受教育程度高者感冒认知的正确程度高。结论患者对感冒的认知存在一定程度的错误认识，不同受教育程度、不同年龄的患者存在较大差异。我国对公众关于感冒的健康教育还有待加强。

Objective To investigate outpatients＇ cognition towards common cold and their habituated medication so as to provide evidence for future public healthcare education. Methods Patients who attended hospital for diagnosis and treatment of common cold at least within past three months were asked to fill a questionnaire independently so as to learn their cognition towards common cold and medication habit. Results Among the patients underwent survey, 52. 21% had incorrect knowledge about common cold;12. 99% didn＇t know about the hazards of common cold; 34. 80% couldn＇t distinguish common cold from influenza; 30. 07% considered common cold couldn＇t get relief without treatment; 68.24% didn＇t know about the proper effects of influenza vaccination; 61.14% often took oral medicine even intravenous injection when they caught a common cold; 59. 77% often took medication from drugstore without prescription by doctor, and a few asked doctors to prescribe medicine on their request;19.42% didn＇t know about the side effects of drug for cold treatment; and 19.72% didn＇t know about the active ingredients of drug for cold treatment. There were significant differences in the common cold cognition among population of different ages and education background. The older or the higher education status patients had a better cognition （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion There exist a certain degree of wrong cognition towards common cold among patients of different literacy degree and different age. Public health education on common cold need to be further strengthened.