太湖水环境综合治理的实践与思考

Practice and thoughts on comprehensive treatment of water pollution in Taihu Lake

回顾并总结近年来太湖水环境综合治理的做法和效果.经过近5年的持续努力,太湖水环境治理已经取得初步成效,蓝藻暴发减弱,湖体水质得到改善,湖泛基本消失.实践证明,目前太湖水环境综合治理采取的控源治污、打捞蓝藻、生态清淤、调水引流措施是行之有效的.认为对于太湖这样的浅水型湖泊污染治理,控源是基本思路,转变发展方式是必由之路,生态清淤是有效措施,促进河湖良性互动是必要途径,正确把握湖泊的生命规律是重要课题;由于太湖污染的长期积累,太湖已形成的"藻型生境条件"很难在短期内得到根本改变,加之现有的入湖污染仍远超湖体允许的纳污能力,一旦温度、水流、光照等外部条件适宜,太湖蓝藻生态危害仍然可能大规模暴发,太湖水环境形势依然严峻.

This paper provides a review of practice and effects of comprehensive treatment of water pollution in Taihu Lake in recent years.Through five years＇ continuous efforts of the government,preliminary achievements have been made,including the decrease of blue-green algal blooms,improvement of water quality,and the disappearance of black water aggregation.Practice shows that the pollution source control,blue-green algae collection,ecological dredging,and water diversion are feasible measures for comprehensive treatment of water pollution in Taihu Lake.It is pointed out that the pollution control of Taihu Lake should be based on a fundamental concept of pollution source control,and the effective measures include ecological dredging,strengthening of positive interaction between rivers and lakes,and accurate recognition of the natural features of the lake.Due to the long-term pollution in Taihu Lake,it is difficult to change the algae habitat that forms in the lake in a short period.In addition,the pollution load flowing into the lake has far exceeded the pollution carrying capacity of the lake,which may lead to large-scale blue-green algal blooms in cases of suitable temperature,flow,and sunlight.The water environment in Taihu Lake is still facing threats.