城市化背景下城区洪涝灾害频发的原因及对策

Causes of Flood-Stricken Urban Areas in the Context of Urbanization and Its Countermeasures

对城市化背景下城区洪涝灾害触发的自然条件改变和社会经济因素进行了分析,并对1991年太湖流域的洪灾和2007年济南"7.18"洪灾等近年来发生的洪涝灾害和积水问题进行大量调查和分析,发现积水成灾的城市区域具有一些共性,多集中在低洼地区,这些地区是城市防洪的重点地区。在集中分析积水成灾原因的基础上,提出采取工程措施和非工程措施相结合的防洪减灾对策,工程措施方面主要包括提高城市防洪标准、加强城市排水管网建设、增加城市广场和绿地的占地面积、降低城市广场和绿地的地势、铺设楼顶蓄水池和地下蓄水池,非工程措施方面重点应放在做好城市的防洪规划,加强工程项目的防洪评价,进行洪涝灾害风险分析和洪灾风险区划,加强洪水预报预警工作,通过向城市居民普及洪涝灾害知识,提高防灾意识。

The paper analyzes the change of natural condition and social-economic factors related with flood in the context of urbanization.Based on the survey pertaining to the flood of Taihu basin of 1991 and the flood of Jinan on July 18,2007,it finds out that the flood-stricken urban areas shares the common characteristics of low-lying land which is the focus of flood prevention.Built on the analysis of the causes of the flood,it proposes that the flood control and mitigation should combine project measures with non-project measures.Project measures includes upgrading the standard of city flood prevention,strengthening the construction of drainage network,increasing the coverage of grassland in cities,lowering the terrain of squares and grassland and setting up cistern at the top of the building.Non-project measures focuses on flood prevention plan,project apprasial,calamity risk analysis,flood precaution work and calamity precaution consciousness of the public.