李白诗歌中的程度副词考察

A Survey of Degree Adverbs in Li Bai's Poetry

李白诗歌在语言上的卓越成就,使得李白诗歌在汉语史研究中具有重要的语料价值。本文考察了李白诗歌中的程度副词的用法。李白诗歌中的程度副词有10个共五类:太;最、至;良、孔、颇、好;稍;更、益。这10个程度副词,有的沿用自上古汉语,现代汉语中仍在使用;有的出现的年代可能要晚一些,李白诗歌中的用例也很少,而在现代汉语中却是很常用的程度副词;有的在组合上的特征,一直延续到现代汉语中,造成了跟现代汉语程度副词普遍特征相异的用法;10个程度副词虽然数量不多,但是从表示程度的深浅或者高低的精细程度方面来看,已跟现代汉语程度副词表示程度深浅高低的级别系统基本相同。

The brilliant linguistic achievements of Li Baig poetry make them have significant value of language data in the Chinese research history. This paper investigates the usage of degree adverbs in Li Baig poetry. There are ten degree adverbs failing into five categories too; mostly, extremely; pretty well, very, quite, well; slight- ly; more, increasingly. In the ten degree adverbs, some of them follow primitive Chinese, which are still used in modem Chinese. Some of them might emerge later, so they were seldom used in Li Baig poetry, but they are the most frequently used degree adverbs in modem Chinese. Some of them have a feature of combination lasted in mod- em Chinese, resulting in the different usages of degree adverbs from the general characteristics of modem Chinese. The ten degree adverbs amount not much, but they have the grade system of the different degrees basically the same as those in modem Chinese from the fine and precise degree.