滇西南地区的“山魈”与“独脚五郎”蠡测

A Tentative Approach to Belief Customs of Shanxiao and Dujiao-wulang in the Southwestern Yunnan Region of China during the Historical Periods

从明朝初年开始,大批汉族移民随远征的军队进入云南各地,随之带来了他们自己的民间信仰。在不同的族群文化互相融合的过程中,作为邪神的"独脚五郎"逐渐演化成为一种"没有教义"的群体信仰。需要指出的是,尽管在名称上有不同的叫法,但其作为"搬运灵"的特性和淫乱妇女的欲望并没有多少改变。与此同时,滇西南地区广泛流传的"山魈"与"龙王"却呈现出不同的精神结构,在民间出于美好的愿望将"独脚五郎"建构成为拯救当地老百姓的英雄则有其更加复杂的历史文化背景。

Together with the expeditionary forces,a mass of Han people came to Yunnan from the early Ming Dynasty.In the process of cultural exchange with the native ethnic groups,shanxiao(Ancient Spirits of the Forest),Daojiao-xian(Female Godling with inverted feet)and Dujiao-wulang(One or Five Male Godlings with one foot) were believed in by Han and the original inhabitants in the southwestern Yunnan.According to the folk story,Dujiao-wulang as the god of wealth can make the rich get richer,and as fiend tries to have sex with mistress sometimes.In a curious way,Dujiao-wu lang has been accepted as dragon king of Erhai Lake and general of army in Nanzhao's history.No matter what how much different about it,Dujiao-wulangs did play their parts well.