岩礁潮间带大型底栖生物对资源增殖保护区建立的生态响应——以台州大陈岛为例

Ecological response of intertidal macrobenthos to the construction of stock enhancement and protection area:A case of Dachen Island

于2006、2007和2009年台州大陈岛猪腰屿资源增殖保护区建立前、后,对该保护区内潮间带大型底栖生物进行了采样调查,分析了大型底栖生物的种类组成、数量、群落结构及增殖放流品种对保护区建立的生态响应。结果显示:保护区建立后,大型底栖生物的物种数、生物量和丰度均比建区前有明显提高;增殖放流黄口荔枝螺Thais luteostoma Holten和厚壳贻贝Mytilus coruscus Gould后,大型底栖生物群落结构发生了明显变化,已呈衰退趋势的黄口荔枝螺和厚壳贻贝在经过增殖放流后成为该区的主要优势种;大型底栖生物群落多样性指数(H′)和丰富度指数(d)较建区前有了明显的提高,群落结构更趋稳定。其主要原因是资源增殖保护区建立后,人为扰动大大减少,由于加强了日常养护管理,从而为大型底栖生物创造了一个稳定的栖息和生长环境,而通过增殖放流衰退品种,使得潮间带大型底栖生物资源量得以大大提高,生态系统得到改善和恢复。

Along with the overexploitation of marine fishery resources and increasing deterioration of environment,macrobenthos living in the intertidal zone between land and sea are facing a serious threat of stock recession.In order to restore the population resources and improve the eco-environment of the zone,the governments at different levels are exploring a model of sustainable enrichment release while increasingly to do so.Taking the intertidal zone of Zhuyaoyu islet,Dachen islands as an example,a stock enhancement protection area has been built up and background and tracking survey of the macrobenthos there were carried out.The results show that the number of species in 2007（52 species） and 2009（55 species） is higher than that in 2006（24 species）,especially molluscs and macroalgae that increased most.The average population mean biomass and abundance distribution is in order of 2009[（2 879.02 ± 1 120.36）g/m2,（766±435.35） ind/m2）] 2007[（2 460.83±1 356.42） g/m2,（691±330.27） ind/m2 ] 2006 [（408.64 ± 212.83） g/m2,（363±221.50） ind/m2）].And the biodiversity index and Margale＇s species richness index in 2007（1.33,2.25） and 2009（2.36,5.24） are bigger than that in 2006（1.06,1.90）.In addition,the community structure of the macrobenthos changed obviously.The dominant species were Ulva lactnca L.（0.246）and Tetraclita squamosa squamosa（0.238） in 2006;Trichomya hirsuta（0.512） and Thais luteostoma（0.113） in 2007,and Tetraclita squamosa squamosa（0.316）,Trichomya hirsuta（0.165）,Mytilus coruscus（0.071）,Thais luteostoma（0.020） in 2009,from which it can be seen that Mytilus coruscus and Thais luteostoma that declined before became major dominant species again in the stock enhancement protection area.Analysis of the marcobenthic community structure by ABC curve shows that it was unstable and had been interfered in 2006,but became stable in 2007 and in 2009.The main reason for this is that the stock enhancement protection area has made a stable environment for the intertidal macrobenthos to live and grow,and with enrichment release of recession species,the stock number and the ecosystem of the intertidal macrobenthos has been restored and improved,and sustainable utilization of the bio-resources of the zone is achieved.