江西官山自然保护区四种雉类的生境选择差异

Habitat selection of four sympatric pheasants in Guanshan National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi,China

2009年10月—2010年11月在江西官山国家级自然保护区对白颈长尾雉、白鹇、勺鸡和灰胸竹鸡4种雉类的生境选择进行了研究:共调查了6条样线上的388个样方,选取了与这四种雉类栖息地相关的17个生态因子进行观测和测量。结果显示,4种雉类均偏好阔叶林和针阔混交林、阳坡或半阴半阳坡的生境。Kruskal-Wallistest检验表明,4种雉类在海拔、坡度、乔木盖度、灌木盖度、灌木数量、灌木高度、草本盖度、草本种类、草本数量、落叶层盖度和水源距离11个生态因子上存在极显著差异(P<0.01),乔木种类存在显著差异(P<0.05),其余生态因子无显著差异(P>0.05)。典则判别函数图显示,4种雉类在生境选择上存在一定程度的重叠,又有比较明显的差异。逐步判别表明在区分4种雉类生境选择差异方面有一系列的生态因子发挥作用,依照贡献值的大小依次为海拔、草本数量、灌木高度、水源距离、灌木盖度、乔木盖度、坡度、落叶层盖度、灌木数量、草本盖度。由这10个变量构成的方程对4种雉类生境选择差异的正确区分率为74.7%。

Habitat selection of four sympatric pheasants （Syrmaticus ellioti, Lophura nycthemera, Pucrasia macrolopha and Bumbusicola thoracica） was studied in Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China from October 2009 to November 2010. We measured seventeen ecological factors across 388 sites used by the four pheasants by direct observation in six transects. The results show that the pheasants preferred broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest and a sunny or semi-shaded slope. There were differences in elevation, degree of slope, arbor coverage, shrub coverage, shrub quantity, shrub height, herbage cover, herbage species, herbage quantity, leaf litter coverage, distance to water and arbor species between the habitat selected by the four pheasants. Canonical scores indicated that the four pheasants differed in habitat selection to some extent. A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that elevation, herbage quantity, shrub height, distance to water, shrub cover, arbor cover, degree of slope, leaf litter cover, shrub quantity and herbage cover were the critical factors distinguishing habitat selection between the species. Predicted classification accuracy of the model was 74.7%.