内教坊、梨园在唐代音乐中扮演的角色与历史作用

Neijiaofang and Liyuan:Their Historical Roles in the Tang Music

中国历史上最早的俗乐机构内教坊的成立,标志着我国宫廷俗乐组织化地由幕后走向前台。从初唐武德内教坊的出现至中唐玄宗朝的左右教坊产生是一个发展、变迁的过程。她与梨园一同担当起盛唐音乐艺术的主角。那么,初唐内教坊的性格与本质是什么?担当了哪些演奏活动?玄宗的左右教坊与梨园分别扮演了什么角色?同时,盛唐时期雅、俗、胡三乐全面走向融合的同时又如何消化、吸收胡乐与旧俗乐产生新唐乐,使太常乐工制为核心的礼仪乐逐渐向着教坊、梨园为中心的艺术乐转化的呢?上述问题便是文章阐述的核心内容。

The earliest secular musical institute in Chinese history was the Neijiaofang,established in the early Tang dynasty（Wude,618～628）,which marked the appearance from hidden court secular musical institutes.This early type kept on development and then changed up to the times of Emperor Xuanzong of the middle Tang starting around 712 AD.The Neijiaofang,together with the Liyuan,played leading roles in the heydays of the Tang.Then what were the character and nature of the Neijiaofang？ What performing events did they undertake？And how was the new Tang music formed by assimilating West China minorities＇ huyue music and suyue music of Han,while the yayue,suyue and huye were on the way of a comprehensive fusion？ How the music focusing on the ritual music of Taichangsi gradually transfers to the art music on Jiaofang and Liyuan.All the above will be discussed in this essay.