6种植物甲醇提取物对外来入侵杂草的除草活性

Herbicidal activities of methanol extracts of 6 plants against some invasive weeds

以薇甘菊Mikaina micrantha、三叶鬼针草Bidens pilosa Lin.、香丝草Conyza bonariensis(L.)Cronq.、大薸Pistia stratiotes L.和空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxcroides(Mart.)Griseb.等5种外来入侵杂草为供试植物,用小杯法和植株生长量测定法对虎刺楤木、美洲商陆、大头续断、白花曼陀罗、枫杨和大蓟等6种植物甲醇提取物的除草活性进行测定。结果表明:大头续断和虎刺楤木的提取物在以质量浓度5.000mg/mL处理杂草7d后,对薇甘菊、三叶鬼针草、香丝草和大薸的生物活性均显著,大头续断提取物对这4种杂草的抑制率分别为90.05%、83.71%、92.68%和100%;虎刺楤木提取物对这4种杂草的抑制率分别为79.21%、81.17%、88.09%和100%;虎刺楤木提取物对大薸、香丝草和三叶鬼针草的活性显著,IC50分别为0.342 4、0.409 0、0.696 6mg/mL;大头续断和美洲商陆提取物对薇甘菊的根有较强的抑制作用,IC50分别为0.721 0、0.716 7mg/mL;6种植物提取物对空心莲子草的生物活性均不显著。

The herbicidal activities of methanol extracts of Aralia armata（Wall.） Seem.,Phytolacca americana L.,Dipsacus chinensis Batal.,Datura metel L.,Pterocarya stinoptera C.DC.and Cirsium japonicum DC.were tested against the invasive weeds,Mikaina micrantha,Bidens pilosa Lin.,Conyza bonariensis（L.） Cronq,Pistia stratiotes L.and Alternanthera philoxcroides（Mart.） Griseb..Results showed that after 7 d,at the concentration of 5.000 mg/mL,the root inhibition rates of methanol extracts of D.chinensis on M.micrantha,B.pilosa,C.bonariensis and P.stratiotes were 90.05%,83.71%,92.68%,100% respectively,while the inhibition rates of A.armata on them were 79.21%,81.17%,88.09%,100% respectively.Methanol extracts of A.armata exhibited significant inhibition activity on P.stratiotes,C.bonariensis and B.pilosa.The IC50 values were 0.342 4,0.409 0 and 0.696 6 mg/mL respectively.Methanol extracts of D.chinensis and P.americana showed high root inhibition effect to M.micrantha,with the IC50 values low to 0.721 0 and 0.716 7 mg/mL respectively.