2型糖尿病住院患者膳食结构调查研究

Dietary structure of inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a survey study

目的了解2型糖尿病住院患者的膳食摄入情况,分析影响患者膳食摄入的相关因素,为糖尿病膳食计划的制定提供依据。方法采用信息表和糖尿病患者饮食摄入量表对282例2型糖尿病住院患者进行膳食结构调查,根据调查资料对患者饮食控制状况、膳食结构状况及影响因素进行分析。结果282例2型糖尿病住院患者谷类、蔬菜类、水果类、畜禽肉类、鱼虾类、油脂类摄入偏高;蛋类摄入合适;豆类、乳类摄入偏低。10.64%日摄入总热量不足,53.19%摄入量合适,102例(36.17%)摄入过剩;不同体型之间日摄入总热量差异显著(P<0.01);超重体型日摄入总热量过剩比例最高(50.00%);是否有领导职务、是否接受过营养指导和是否为新诊断患者是影响膳食结构的主要因素。结论2型糖尿病住院患者膳食结构不合理,营养摄入过剩,需要有针对性加强饮食指导;新诊断患者、在职领导及超重患者是重点干预对象。

Objective To investigate food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes, to assess factors that influence patients＇ food intake, and to provide information for nurses to give nutrition instructions. Methods Totally, 282 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were surveyed in an attempt to collect patientJ general demographic information, control of food intake, dietary structure, and fac- tors influencing dietary structure. Results Patients＇ daily intake of grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and shrimp, and lipids were excessive; intake of eggs was appropriate; intake of beans and milk was inadequate. Compared with recommended criteria, the total daily intake of calories was inadequate in 30 cases （10.64%）, appropriate in 150 cases （53.19%）, and excessive in 102 cases （36.17 %）. The total daily intake of calories had significant difference in patients with different body weights （P〈0.01）; excessive intake of calories was found in 50.00% of overweight patients. The predictors of patients% dietary structure were leader ship titles, dietary guidance, and new diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusion Dietary structure of type 2 diabetic patients is unreasonable, and nutrients intake is excessive. Targeted nutrition instructions should be performed, especially for those newly diagnosed pa- tients, patients with leadership titles, and overweight patients.