安徽省小麦孢囊线虫的发生分布与鉴定

Distribution and identification of cereal cyst nematodes on wheat in Anhui Province,China

为了解小麦孢囊线虫(Cereal cyst nematode,CCN)在安徽省的分布和主要麦区CCN的种类,以及群体间关系,调查了淮北等麦区小麦根系白雌虫,用"Zig-Zag"法在怀远等地采集土样,用Fenwick&Oostenbrink法分离土样中的孢囊并孵化得2龄幼虫,利用孢囊阴门锥形态及de-man法鉴定CCN种类,扩增ITS特征片段,用MEGA5.05构建系统发育树。结果表明,安徽省52%采样点检出CCN,淮河以北采样点均检出CCN,江淮麦区7%的采样点检出CCN,长江以南麦区采样点未检出CCN。发生在怀远、凤台、灵璧、界首和颍上麦区小麦根际CCN鉴定为禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae),淮河以北发生H.avenae麦区占淮北小麦种植面积的41.6%,另外,怀远H.avenae群体和其他群体亲缘关系较远,群体间形态有一定差异,但和亲缘关系差异无一致性。

The purpose of this paper is to survey distribution,species of cereal cyst nematode（CCN） and re-lationship among CCN species in Anhui Province.White female of wheat root system in Huaibei wheat areas were investigated;soil samples of wheat rhizosphere were collected with ＂Zig-Zag＂ method in Huaiyuan county and other counties;cysts were separated by Fenwick Oostenbrink method from those samples;second-stage juveniles（J2） were obtained by hatching cyst;CCN was identified based on morphologic characteristics of cyst perinea pattern and de-man data;and the genetic relationships were analyzed by amplified ITS characteristic fragment and phylogenetic tree built with MEGA5.05.The results showed that CCN was detected from 52% sam-ple sites,from all the samples of wheat areas in the northern part of the Huai River,and from 7% sample sites in Jianghuai wheat areas.No CCN was detected from wheat areas in the southern part of the Changjiang River.Oc-currence of CCN in Yingshang and other 4 counties were identified as Heterodera avenae,and occurrence area of H.avenae was up to 41.6% of wheat areas in the northern part of the Huai River.Huaiyuan population of H.avenae is distantly related with other 4 H.avenae populations,and certain morphological differences exist among the 5 H.avenae populations,but with no consistency to the genetic relationships.