南阳秦汉考古学文化内涵及其历史诠释--以南阳丰泰墓地为个案进行的考察

Explaining Contexts of Qin-Han Archaeology in Nanyang area: A case study of Fengtai cemetary

南阳丰泰墓地的时间跨度由战国晚期至东汉晚期,其文化内涵在器物形态、组合特征、墓葬结构等方面都有独具特色的地方。战国晚期,南阳地区政权更迭频繁,韩、楚、秦的文化势力也因此相继出现,共存发展,至战国末期形成了融三者于一体的新型仿铜陶礼器组合,并在秦汉时期迅速发展,成为主流的文明形态。与此同时,以双耳罐为代表的楚系地方文明不绝如缕,顽强生存。两者共同构成了秦汉文明的基础。这种新型仿铜陶礼器文明自身的发展变化,及其与楚系地方文明之间的互动关系,印证了秦汉中央集权政治统治力的强弱变化,以及秦汉社会盛衰的历程。西汉晚期以后开始流行的模型明器,则昭示着新的丧葬观念、丧葬礼仪的诞生。

From late Warring States period to late Eastern Han dynasty,the cultural remains of Fengtai Cemetery in Nanyang area changed continuously,in terms of vessel shapes,combination characters and tomb constructions,etc.In late Warring States period,following with the frequent alternation of political powers in Nanyang area,cultures of three states of Han,Chu and Qin raised and coexisted in this area.Such cultural interactions formed into one main manifestation by the end of the Warring State period,represented by a new type of pottery combination imitating in style of ritual bronzes,and it developed rapidly in Qin and Han dynasties,becoming the principal local culture.Meanwhile,local Chu culture,represented by double-ear-pot,still existed persistently,which composed the foundation of Qin-Han civilization integrated with the local cultures.The development of the new type pottery combination,and its relationship with local Chu cultures,verifies the evolution of centralized political power of Qin and Han government,as well as the rise and fall of Qin and Han society.The popular modelled burial objects after late Western Han period suggests the birth of a new funeral conception and rituals.