2008年滇池流域水环境承载力评估

Assessment of Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in the Dianchi Lake Watershed in 2008

自20世纪70年代以来,随着经济迅猛发展以及人口的快速增长,滇池流域的水环境问题日益突出.为深入了解造成当前水环境问题的根本原因,以水资源承载力和水环境承载力作为广义水环境承载力的基础进行综合分析,并且利用水资源供需平衡和水资源承载压力度反映水资源承载力,利用水环境承载率反映水环境承载力.结果表明:滇池流域TN和TP的水环境承载率分别为0.677和0.355,处于超载状态,是导致滇池流域严重富营养化的主要原因;水资源承载压力度为14.5,远大于供需平衡,同样也处于超载状态,实际水资源盈亏为-59 037×104 m3,缺失严重.因此,滇池流域水质型和资源型缺水问题共同存在.

The water environmental problems in Dianchi Lake have become more and more serious with the rapid economic development and population growth since the 1970s.In order to deeply understand the causes of the water environmental problems and identify countermeasures,the carrying capacities of the water resources and environment were comprehensively analyzed as the baseline extended water environment carrying capacity.The water resource carrying capacity was represented by water resource balance and pressure degree,and the water environment carrying capacity was represented by the water environment carrying rate.The results show that the environment carrying rates of TN（0.677） and TP（0.355） were overloaded,which was the major cause of eutrophication in Dianchi Lake.The water resource pressure degree（14.5） was also overloaded,and the actual water loss,-590.37 million m3,was very serious.In conclusion,the Dianchi Lake watershed simultaneously suffers from both lack of water quality and water resources.