时序知觉中词义和位置的stroop效应

Word Meaning and the Positon Stroop Effect in Temporal Order Perception

本文目的在于探讨时序知觉中是否存在词义与位置Stroop效应。通过时序知觉判断任务,使用中文汉字"先-后"刺激材料,让被试做出时序判断。反应时的统计结果显示空间方位、词义位置的匹配关系和时间间隔均存在主效应,空间方位和词义位置匹配关系、空间方位和时间间隔、词义位置匹配关系和时间间隔均存在交互作用。上述结果提示人脑在时序知觉判断过程中存在词义和位置的Stroop效应,该效应可能与时序知觉、词义和位置加工的时程先后有关。

Previous research indicates that physical properties influences temporal order perception. However, most of the experimental materials are figures and digits which are meaningless in temporal order perception. It is known that Chinese characters have their own unique characteristics which combine form, sound and meaning and some can also reflect the temporal order information. Word meaning is an important property of stimulus features, and word processing is an automatic mental process, so we intended to investigate whether word meaning could affect temporal order perception. Meanwhile, Swisherh and Hirsh also showed that the spatial location of stimulation also affected temporal order perception. As we know, word meaning and spatial location are the important properties of stimulus fea- tures. So this study aimed to investigate whether there were the word meaning Stroop effect and position Stroop effect in temporal order perception. 36 subjects participated in our experiment. We compared the reaction time with repeated measure ANOVA for spatial orien- tation （ vertical vs horizontal directions）, the match relationship of word meaning and position （ consistent vs inconsistent） and SOA （ 112 vs 84 vs 56 vs 28 ms）. The results revealed a significant main effect of spatial orientation, F （ 1,29） = 5.313, p 〈. 05, indicating the partcipant＇ s reaction time on the vertical direction was greater than on the horizontal direction. The main effect of the relationship of match was significant, F （ 1,29） = 16. 491, p 〈. 001, which indicated the reaction time of an inconsistent condition was greater than that of a consisitent condition. And there was a significant main effect of SOA. Follow-up comparison showed that when SOA was the reaction the time, 84 ms was significantly less than when SOA was 112, 56 and 28 ms. We found that the interaction of the spatial orientation and relationship of match was significant, F （1,29） = 14. 604, p = . 001. There existed a significant interaction of the relationship of match and SOA , F （3,87） = 16. 451, p 〈. 001. We compared the reaction time in the inconsistent match relationship of word meaning and position by 2 × 3 × 4 repeated measure ANOVA with the factor of spatial orientation, the inconsistent match relationship of word meaning and position and SOA. The results showed that the main effect of spatial orientation was not significant, F （ 1,29） = 2. 403, p 〉. 05. The main effect of the inconsistent match relationship of word meaning and position was significant, F （2,58） = 3. 322, p 〈. 05. Follow-up comparison showed that the reaction time of the conflict word meaning had no significant difference from the conflict of position, word meaning and position. The reaction time of the conflict of position was longer than the conflict of word meaning and position. And there existed a main effect of SOA, F（3,87） -- 10.099,p〈.001. The present resuhs indicated that temporal order perception judgment was affected by the spatial location and meaning of words. We concluded that there could be a word meaning Stroop effect and position Stroop effect in the temporal order perception of Chinese words. This effect might be related to the time course of the processing among temporal order, word meaning and position.