积极心理学在戒毒人员团体辅导中的应用

Positive Psychology As Applied to Group Counseling for Drug Abstainers

戒毒人员的心理干预与矫治正日益受到重视。积极心理学关注人们发掘自身的积极品质和积极力量,戒毒人员同样拥有积极力量。本研究对上海市某强制隔离戒毒所的戒毒人员开展了以积极心理学为理论基础的团体心理辅导。团体辅导之后,实验组在正性情感和乐观上的得分都显著高于团体辅导前,对照组在团体辅导前后则没有显著变化。可见,将积极心理学应用于戒毒人员的团体辅导具有积极意义,团体辅导是一种有效的戒毒心理矫治方式。

Positive psychology is a scientific study of positive experiences, individual traits and institutions that facilitate development. Psychological intervention has been applied to drug abstainers to help them quit drugs in recent years. However, nowadays, in the field of psychological intervention, group counseling is not a common way for drug abstainers. So we conducted the study to assess the effectiveness of group counseling in helping drug abstainers. In the study, we designed a series of courses and activities applying positive psychology and focusing on the positive strength of drug abstainers as our intervention program. A sample of 28 subjects （2 of them quitted because of their sickness during the study） from a drug rehabilitation center in Shanghai was selected to participate in the study. Their ages ranged from 22 to 40 years old（ average age = 30. 9）. 13 of them were randomly chosen as the experimental group and the other 13 as the control group. They completed the Affect Scale and the Life Orientation Test （LOT） before and after the group counse- ling. The experimental group took part in the group counseling for 4 months, once every week. Each course lasted about 2 hours. The 16 courses included topics of family love, thanksgiving, positive communication, optimism, confidence and hope, etc. The group members shared their past life experiences and family lives, made cards and sent wishes to their family members, had thanksgiving days and gave thanks, learnt communication skills, had some role-plays, planned for the future, etc. The control group did not have any courses. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results showed that the scores of the Affect Scale and the LOT of the experimental group both became significantly higher after the group counseling. We also interviewed the subjects of the experimental group. They all agreed that they benefited from the group activities. One member said, ＂ I was disappointed in life in the past, but now I know it is important to be happy and strong＂. One said,＂ The courses helped me realize I should be more responsible for my family. Another member said, ＂I learnt to know more about myself in the activities and mastered the useful communication skills. Some said, ＂ Now I know it is important to understand and respect others. ＂Besides these words, some subjects also took actions and became positive. For example, one participant began to write to his son after our group activities and even sent him a birthday card. Another participant who used to reject his mother agreed to meet her and they had a warm reunion. He began to understand and accept his mother. The subjects also felt comfortable and safe during the activities. In conclusion, group counseling based on the positive psychology can help to raise the positive strength such as positive affect and optimism of drug abstainers. Group counseling is an effective way of psychological intervention for drug abstainers.