农药对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价研究

An Investigation on Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Pesticides to Silkworm,Bombyx mori

农药对家蚕的毒性和安全性评价研究是预警蚕区农药使用对养蚕生产存在的潜在危害风险的一项基础性工作。回顾近20多年来该领域的研究进展,重点介绍当前桑园及周围农作物常用农药对家蚕的急性、慢性毒性以及农药残毒期的测定方法,比较参比法、毒性比法和定级法等毒性分级方法的特点和适用范围,针对农药对家毒的毒性和安全性评价中的测定目标全面性、测定方法规范性和评价指标综合性等提出改进和完善意见,并就建立该领域的协作研究网络,制定试验规程与综合评价技术体系,预防家蚕农药中毒的综合减灾措施等提出改进意见和建议。

Studies on toxicity and safety evaluation of pesticides to silkworm（Bombyx mori） constitute the basic work for early-warning of pesticides＇ potential hazard to silkworm raising in sericultural area.This article reviewed the research progresses of this field in the past 20 years.Mainly,it introduced the acute and chronic toxicity of frequently used pesticides in mulberry field and nearby crop field to silkworm and the determination methods of pesticides＇ residue toxicity,compared the characteristics and applicable scopes of toxicity grading methods such as reference method,toxicity ratio method,and grade setting method,and put forward recommendations for improving performance in such aspects as the coverage of determination targets,the normalization of determination protocols,and the comprehensiveness of evaluation indexes in toxicity and safety evaluation of pesticides to silkworm.Furthermore,a number of suggestions were put forward for establishing a collaborative research network in the field,formulating testing procedures and comprehensive evaluation technological system,and implementing comprehensive hazard-reduce measures to prevent silkworm from being poisoned by pesticides.