深空探测自主导航技术综述

A SURVEY OF AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION FOR DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

深空探测自主导航技术在减少地面测控负担,提高探测器的生存能力和扩展探测器的特殊应用潜力等方面具有独特的优势,自主导航在国外的深空探测活动中已经成功验证并逐步开始在实际任务中应用,未来的自主导航技术将成为深空探测技术发展的一种必然趋势.由于我国测控资源有限,在我国的深空探测规划中,发展自主导航技术将显得更为重要,在我国即将开展火星和小行星探测计划的背景下,本文综述了国外深空探测自主导航技术研究状况,以及在一些探测任务中的试验和应用情况,并对每个探测活动进行了简要概括;其次,本文调研了国外自主导航系统中所采用的光学敏感器设备;最后,结合"深空1号"任务巡航段基于小行星的光学自主导航,分析提出了深空探测自主导航中需要掌握的关键技术,并对相应的技术在国内外研究情况进行了总结.

Due to the advantages of reducing the burden of ground station support,enhancing the viability and expanding the special application of spacecraft,autonomous navigation has been successfully validated and begun to apply in foreign deep space missions.It will be a key technology for deep space missions in future. As the lack of ground station tracking resources,the development of autonomous navigation will become more important for Chinese deep space exploration program.Based on the upcoming Chinese Mars mission and asteroids mission,the application and development of autonomous navigation for deep space mission is reviewed and analyzed.Then,the optical sensor used in autonomous navigation system of different deep space mission is recapitulated.Finally,according to the asteroids based optical autonomous navigation of ＂Deep Space 1＂ mission,the critical techniques associated with its study of autonomous navigation are summarized.