玉米茎秆与根系抗倒的特性研究

Characterizations of Resistance to Stalk and Root Lodging in Maize

以45份杂交种、69份自交系为材料,研究玉米茎基部抗推力(PRBS)、穗下节间抗折力(BRFI)和拔根力(VRPR)3个抗倒性状的差异。结果表明,自交系3个性状之间呈显著正相关,杂交种PRBS与BRFI呈显著正相关;在自交系和杂交种中,茎秆直径与PRBS、BRFI都呈极显著正相关,茎秆抗折强度与BRFI呈显著正相关,杂交种茎秆弹性模量也与PRBS呈显著正相关;自交系PRBS、BRFI、VRPR在抽雄和灌浆两个时期都表现显著正相关;在不同的自交系中,兰卡斯特群自交系3个抗倒性状表现较差,变异度也较小,其他类型种质中,材料间存在较高多样性,现有的主要种质都存在目标性状比较优异的种质;杂交种PRBS、BRFI与亲本相应性状均值呈显著正相关。

Three traits related to lodging, pushing resistance of the base stalk （PRBS）, breaking resistance of the first inter-node below ear（BRFI）, and vertical root pulling resistance（VRPR） were evaluated in this research. The results showed that the three traits of inbred lines were significantly correlated to each other, and the PRBS of hybrids was significantly correlated to their BRFI. For both inbred lines and hybrids, stalk diameter was a main factor affecting to PRBS and BRFI, and stalk normal breaking stress was significantly correlated with BRFI. For hybrids, stalk elastic modulus was significantly correlated with PRBS. The PRBS, BRFI, and VRPR of inbred lines at tassel emerging stage were significantly correlated with that at grain filling stage. Inbred lines from Lancaster group were poorest in these traits among all investigated germplasm, while all other groups were more diverse including inbred lines good in some of the traits. The PRBS and BRFI of hybrids were significantly correlated with the corresponding trait means of their parents.