多环麝香(PCMs)的环境行为及毒性效应

Environmental Behavior and Toxicological Effects of Polycyclic Musks

多环麝香(PCMs)作为重要的人工合成麝香广泛应用于日用品中,目前在各种环境介质中都能检测到PCMs的存在。由于其持续不断地进入环境并能够在生物体内积累,其效应类似于持久性污染物。作为一类新型污染物,PCMs所引起的环境问题受到了广泛重视。本文介绍了PCMs的物理化学性质、来源以及在不同环境介质中的分析方法和污染现状,概述了其在环境中的降解转化、生物富集行为,并总结了其能产生的急性毒性效应、亚慢性毒性效应、内分泌干扰效应和其他潜在的毒性效应,最后讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。今后,应该建立有效的、可比对的标准分析方法,更加系统地进行环境污染现状、迁移转化规律和生物降解代谢途径的研究;重视暴露途径和生物有效性的研究,并与风险评价结合;结合环境中PCMs的污染现状,探讨低剂量长期暴露和复合暴露对生物的影响。

Polycyclic musks （PCMs） are important synthetic fragrances widely used in personal care products. Due to their continuous release into the environment and bioaccumulation, environmental behaviors of PCMs are similar to persistent organic pollutants. PCMs are new emerging pollutants and have attracted remarkable attention due to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment. In this paper, the characteristics, pollution sources, analytical methods and pollution status of PCMs are described. Then the degradation, transformation and bioaccumulation are summarized. Toxicological effects such as acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, endocrine disrutpting toxicity and other potential toxic effects are also introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions are proposed. In the future, standard analytical methods should be established to systematically understand pollution situation, migration and transformation law, and metabolic pathways of PCMs. The impacts of PCMs exposure pathways on bioavailability should also be investigated to assess potential risks. In addition, studies are also needed to explore single and combined toxic effects of PCMs at long-term low-dose exposure in vivo assay.