“文革”时期“三突出”的文艺创作理论述论

Review on "Three Outstandings" Theory on Literary and Artistic Creation in the Cultural Revolution Period

"三突出"是"文革"时期在总结样板戏创作经验的基础上形成的一种极"左"的文艺创作理论。它的提出和形成与江青密切相关。其主要内容是:文艺作品塑造工农兵英雄人物是阶级斗争的需要;文艺作品要塑造高大完美的工农兵英雄形象;文艺作品不仅要描写工农兵英雄人物,而且要突出主要英雄人物。关于突出主要英雄人物,这一理论强调:应围绕阶级斗争的主线突出主要英雄人物;其他人物的描写和刻画,都要为突出主要英雄人物服务;调动各种艺术手段突出主要英雄人物。这一理论完全把文艺创作当成了阶级斗争的工具,实际上宣传了唯心主义的英雄史观,对"文革"时期的文艺创作产生了极大的破坏作用。

The ＂three outstandings＂ is an extremely ＂left＂ theory about literary and artistic creation based on ex- perience of model opera. Its formation is closely related with Jiang Qing. The main content are： It is necessary for class struggle to create hero peasants and soldiers in literary and artistic works; All the literary and artistic works must creat great hero peasants and soldiers; while literary and artistic works describe hero peasants and soldiers, they must highlight the leading roles. As for the leading roles, the theory emphasizes： it is in terms of class struggle that highlights the leading roles; The description of other roles serves the highlight of the leading roles; all kinds of artistic means should be uesed to highlight the leading roles. The ＂three outstandings＂ theory completely regards literary and artistic creation theory as the tool for class struggle, as a matter of fact, it advo- cates a historical viewpoint of heros focusing on idealistics, which produces negative effect on literary and artistic creation in the Cultural Revolution period.