美国水文气象科研业务考察纪实

Visiting Report on Hydrometeorological Operation and Research in US

NOAA和USGS是美国主要从事气象和水文业务与科研的两大联邦政府部门,随着NASA将科学任务重点从太空科学转向地球科学,除了继续开展卫星观测技术和遥感数据的开发和应用之外还关注水文气象领域的研究。作为国际山地中心主持的"兴都-库什-喜马拉雅地区卫星遥感降水估算"项目的内容之一,本人于2011年5～6月参加了由国际山地中心(ICIMOD)组织的赴美交叉学习活动,先后参观和考察了NOAA和USGS的主要部门和其他一些相关单位,与NASA科学家进行了广泛的交流。本文简要介绍了这些单位开展的水文气象业务和科研工作、卫星遥感应用情况以及学习访问期间的感想与体会,对提高我们目前的相关业务和科研工作以及体制机制的创新方面有一定的借鉴意义。

NOAA and USGS are two main federal agencies working on weather forecast and hydrological monitoring and relevant scientific research in USA.In addition to continue to develop space observation technology and remote sensing applications,as NASA shifts its science mission focus away from space science to Earth science,NASA deals with scientific research on meteorology and hydrology also.As the part of the Satellite Rainfall Estimation（SRE） Project coordinated by ICIMOD and its regional partners and funded by USAID/OFDA,I participated in cross learning visit to the US from May 29th to June 13th,2011.During the cross learning visit,our group team visited USAID/OFDA,USGS,USGS EROS,NOAA,NOAA NCEP,NOAA CPC,NOAA Weather and Flood Forecast Center in Portland.We had fruitful interaction and exchange with our project partners and scientists in NASA,NOAA,USGS and their affiliated institutes.The main impression and achievement are summarized in this report,which is used for reference for enhancing our hydro-meteorological operation and relevant research.