生物包膜控释钾肥对烤烟叶片钾含量及产质量的影响

Effects of Biomaterial-enveloped Controlled-release Potassium Fertilizer on Leaf Potassium Content,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

采用田间小区试验,研究了生物包膜控释钾肥基施+追施、全部追施(分2次)对烤烟钾含量及产质量的影响。结果表明,不同施钾处理的烤烟叶片钾含量均随烤烟生育进程的推进逐渐下降。移栽后90d,包膜控释钾肥基施+追施处理、包膜控释钾肥全部追施处理的烟叶钾含量(1.77%、1.62%)分别比对照(普通钾肥基施+追施)提高22.9%和12.5%。不同处理同一叶位的平均钾含量和同一叶位同一部位钾含量均表现为包膜控释钾肥基施+追施处理>包膜控释钾肥全部追施处理>对照。包膜控释钾肥基施+追施处理、包膜控释钾肥全部追施处理的烟叶产量分别比对照提高12.9%、10.3%,产值分别增加4 170.0元/hm2、3 273.0元/hm2,烟叶总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均较对照显著提高,评吸总得分分别比对照提高3.1分和1.5分。包膜控释钾肥基施+追施处理和包膜控释钾肥全部追施处理相比,烟叶各测定指标差异不显著。总之,在施钾量相同情况下,与普通钾肥相比,包膜控释钾肥不论基施+追施还是全部追施均表现出较好的增加烟叶钾含量、提高烟叶产量和质量的效果。

By the method of field experiments,the effect of two kinds of bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer application methods on leaf potassium content,yield and quality was studied.The results showed that the potassium content of different treatments declined gradually with the flue-cured tobacco process promoting.Compared to the comparison（basal application＋top dressing of general K fertilizer）,potassium contents of tobacco in two separate treatments of basal application＋top dressing（1.77%） and topdressing two times（1.62%） of bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer were increased by 22.9% and 12.5% respectively at 90 d after transplanting.Compared with the potassium levels of the same leaf and the same parts under different treatments after baking,the results showed that bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer ba-sal application＋top dressingbio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer top dressing two timesthe control treatment.The treatments of basal application＋top dressing and topdressing two times of bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer increased respectively 12.9% and 10.3% in tobacco yield,and 4 170.0 yuan/ha and 3 273.0 yuan/ha in output.Compared with the comparison tobacco,total sugar,reducing sugar,and the proportion of sugar and alkali were significantly increased,with the total scores in assessment increased by 3.1 points and 1.5 points.All of the measured indicators of tobacco had no significant differences between the treatments of basal application＋top dressing and top dressing two times of bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertili-zer.In short,in the case of the same amount of potassium,either combined application of basal application＋top dressing or two-time topdressing of bio-enveloped controlled-release K fertilizer showed an increase of leaf potassium content and an improvement of yield and quality of tobacco compared with the common potash.