中国中等收入群体规模动态变迁与收入两极分化:统计描述与测算

On Dynamic Change of Middle-income Groups' Scale and Income Polarization in China

利用中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)微观收入数据,对中等收入群体的比重进行测算,研究其动态变迁,并计算收入两极分化指数,结果表明:1988—2005年,中国中等收入群体比重呈不断下降趋势,与之伴随的是两极分化程度不断提高,收入分配不平等程度加深;长期来看,城镇内部两极分化的增速高于农村内部两极分化的增速;高收入群体和低收入群体内部聚集程度的加深进一步扩大了收入两极分化程度。要缓解收入两极分化,降低收入分配不平等程度,关键是要扩大中等收入群体比重,培育稳定的、规模壮大的中等收入群体。

This paper computes the ratio of middle-income group and its dynamic moving based on microscopic income data of CHNS,and figure out index of income polarization.Result manifests that ratio of middle-income group gives a decreasing trend while degree of income polarization increases from 1988 to 2005,which indicates that unequal degree of income distribution deepens.In the long term,speed of income polarization expanding inside of the city transcends the countryside,and the degree of gathering within high-income and low-income groups aggravate the degree of income polarization.Finally,it is crucial to amplify the ratio of middle-income group and foster steady,massive middle-income group to retard the phenomenon of income polarization and unequal degree of income.