长期施肥对植烟红壤不同团粒有机质和氮磷钾养分的影响

Influence of the Long-term Fertilization on Organic Matter and N,P,K Nutrients in Aggregates of Flue-cured Tobacco Grown Red Soil

为给植烟红壤的科学施肥提供依据,研究了长期施肥模式下土壤团粒中的养分变化。结果表明:长期配施有机肥处理(CFM)显著增加了土壤中>2mm的团粒,比单施化肥处理(CF)提高了5.6%,但降低了0.25～0.15mm和<0.15mm团粒在土壤中的比例,表明,长期配施有机肥有利于将小团粒聚合为大团粒。各级团粒的C、N、P、K含量各异,在CFM处理的大部分团粒中,这些养分显著高于CF处理,分别提高了19%～48%(有机质)、15%～40%(全氮)、13%～43%(碱解氮)、14%～24%(全磷)、48%～55%(有效磷)、5%～25%(全钾)和22%～39%(有效钾)。结论:在肥力较低的植烟红壤上,长期配施有机肥能提高各级团粒的养分浓度及其生物有效性;CFM处理提高了>2mm团粒中养分的分配率,长期配施有机肥增加了大团粒中养分的储量,有益于生产优质烤烟。

The change of nutrients in soil aggregates under long-term fertilization model was studied to provide references for scientific fertilization of flue-cured tobacco grown red soil.The results showed that the increase of 5.6% in the aggregates of 2 mm but the decrease in those of 0.25～0.15 mm and 0.15 mm by CFM.Long-term organic fertilizer benefits generated for large particle groups small polymerization.There were significantly higher contents of organic matter and nutrients（total and available N,P and K） in the most aggregates of CFM treatment in contrast to those of CF.The increments were respectively 19%～48%（Organic matter）,15%～40%（Total N）,13%～43%（Alkali–hydrolyzable N）,14%～24%（Total P）,48%～55%（Available P）,5%～25%（Total K） and 22%～39%（Available K）.This meant long-term chemical fertilizer/manure mixture fertilization increased the relatively concentration of nutrients,especially their bioavailability in the aggregates in a flue-cured tobacco grown red soil.Even so,relative content of nutrients were lower in the aggregates of 2 mm than those 0.15 mm,the distribution rates of nutrients in 2 mm aggregates were improved in CFM treatment.Therefore,there are trends of soil organic matter and nutrients in large aggregates increase with the long term fertilization of CFM,which could benefit cultivation of flue-cured tobacco with better qualities.