鲁迅小说《起死》的文体选择与重构

The Genre Selection and Reconstruction of Resurrect the Dead

一般以为,鲁迅《起死》的文体袭自巴罗哈的《少年别》。实际上,它深受来自前叙事———明清庄子"叹骷髅"戏的影响。因为《少年别》可视为拟戏剧的"对话体",它是现实主义理论的产物;而《起死》却多有超越,是一部荒诞有趣的游戏"闹剧"。作品对"叹骷髅"戏的重构过程,也是鲁迅化腐朽为神奇的艺术创造,《起死》也得以成为一部融合了写实性、游戏性与荒诞性于一体的现代戏剧体寓言小说。

The genre of Lu Xun＇ s Resurrect the Dead is generally considered as borrowed from PioBaroja＇ s ＂adios a la bohemia＂. But actually, it has deeply influenced by its previous narration, 1. e. , the drama of Zhuang Zi＇ s ＂Sighing on the Skeleton＂ in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because the adios a la bo- hemia can be considered as a simulated drama ＂dialogue style＂, which is a creation of the realistic theory, while the Resurrect the Dead is a absurd and interesting farce with many surpasses. The process of its recon- struction of ＂Sighing on the Skeleton,＂ is just Lu Xun＇ s artistic innovation of turning the rotten into a miracle, thus to make Resurrect the Dead a modern drama style allegoric fiction mixed together the reality, playability and absurdity .