略论元明清时期中央与西南边疆政治关系的整合

Views on the Political Integration of Southwestern Frontier and Central Government in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

元明清时期是西南边疆与中央关系构建整合步入正常化轨道的重要战略期。三代封建统治者对建构整合西南边疆与中央的关系十分重视,采取了多种举措来加强对西南边疆的控制,试图加快西南边疆与内地的一体化进程,如在政治上实行内地化管理体制,在民族地区则稍加变通。在唐宋羁縻之治的基础上,元代实行土官土司制度,明朝发展为土司制度,并进一步完善;清初继承明代的做法,对土司制度更加严格、规范,并适应形势发展适时改土归流,同时与边疆割据行为进行坚决斗争。封建中央的努力取得了显著成效,西南边疆成为帝国不可分割的一部分,而西南边疆与内地交通联系的畅通,为封建王朝中央整合与西南边疆之关系提供了坚实的基础。

The Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties are significant periods in which the relationship between southwestern frontier and central government become normal.The three feudal governors pay much attention to the relationship integration of southwestern frontier and inland,e.g.implementing inland reigning system in politics and flexible policy in minority area.Based on the Jimi official system in the Tang and Song Dynasties,the Yuan Dynasty implements chieftain and native official systems which develop into chieftain system and is improved further in the Ming Dynasty.The Qing Dynasty follows the Ming＇s policy,regulates chieftain system strictly,makes timely change and fights frontier independent regime.The effort of the feudal central reign achieves good effect.Southwestern frontiers become inseparable parts of the empire and the convenient traffic between frontier and inland forms solid foundation for central government to integrate the relations.