热带、亚热带自交系与中国温带玉米种质杂交种的研究

Potential of Germplasm Improvement Using Tropical, Subtropical Inbred Lines for Chinese Temperate Germplasms of Maize

在春、夏播 2个环境下鉴定评价了代表中国温带玉米主要杂优群的 5个自交系、3个改良群体与 10个热带亚热带自交系间杂交种的产量、农艺性状和配合力。结果表明 :基因型、一般配合力、特殊配合力、基因型×环境互作的方差达到显著 ;在春、夏播环境下均可选出产量高于对照掖单 13的杂交组合 ,说明温热杂交种具有较高的利用潜力 ;散粉吐丝延迟 ,株高和穗位高增加 ,果穗变细、穗行数减少 ,是利用温热杂交种的突出问题 ;果穗长度、千粒重、行粒数是温热杂交种的优点。代表我国主要杂优群的种质对温热杂交种的选择和热带亚热带种质的改良具有不同的利用价值 :自交系 4 78对于降低温热杂交种的株高、穗位高 ,旅 9对于增加果穗粗、穗行数 ,黄早 4对于散粉、吐丝的提早及雌雄协调 ,Mo17对于增加果穗长、行粒数、出籽率 ,豫 5群体对于提高粒重 。

This study evaluated the traits such as yields, combining ability of crosses between 10 lines from tropical,subtropical regions with 5 inbred lines, 3 improved populations representing the temperate corn hybrid groups of China under spring sowing and summer sowing condition. The result showed that significant differences were detected damong genotypes , GCA,SCA, G×E for grain yield. Some of combinations had higher yield than check cross: Yedan No.13, a temperate single cross, under both sowing conditions,suggesting that temperate×tropic crosses posess high potential of utilization. Compared with the check cross, delayed pollenshed and silking, heightened plant and ear position, thinner ear and fewer kernel rows for temperate×tropic crosses were the disadvantages, while longer ear, more kernel number per row and kernel weight were the advantages of using tropical, subtropical germplasms. The lines and populations representing the temperate corn hybrid groups of China are of different values for being selected as parent of hybrid of temperate×tropic crosses for improvement, Line 478 is useful for reducing plant and ear height, line Lu9 showed be effective for increasing ear diameter and kernel row, so do Line Huangzao No.4 for advancing pollen shed and silking, and Line Mo17 for increasing ear length, kernel numbers and threshing character, population Yu5 for enhancing kernel weight.