近代陕北的农业与农村经济

On Modern Agriculture and Rural Economy in Northern Shaanxi

陕北境内,农业生产活动历史久远。但由于晚清以来生态环境恶劣,自然灾害频繁,加之交通闭塞,故而农业始终处于一个很低的维生的经济水平;清末随着商品经济的发展,陕北的一些地方亦开始出现土地高度集中的现象,到20世纪二三十年代这种现象更加严重;陕甘宁边区时期,政府为了发展生产,提出了"农业第一,提高产量,保障供给"的政策,使得农业与以前相比较有了相当程度的发展;农业与农村经济的发展不仅避免了民众在战争的极端困难时期流离失所,而且保障了机关、部队及其他人员正常工作所必需的基本口粮,从而为最终赢得抗日战争的胜利奠定了基础。

It has a long history of agricultural production activities in Northern Shaanxi. However, since the late Qing Dynasty, due to the poor ecological environment, frequent natural disasters and blocking traffic, the agriculture has always been at a very low economic level of living. With the development of commodity economy, some parts of northern Shaanxi were also beginning to form the high land concentration phenomenon in the late Qing Dynasty, seriously in the 1920s and 1930s. During the period of the Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxia Border Region, the government proposed the policy, ＂Agriculture Development First to Increase Production and Make Enough Supply＂ so as to develop the production. In this way, it made a good achievement compared with the previous level; agriculture and rural economic development not only avoided people leaving awawy from home in the extremely difficult period of the war time, and protected the basic rations necessary for the normal work of the organs, troops and other personnel, which finally laid the foundation for the victory of the war.