流域生态系统服务研究进展与展望

Watershed Scale Ecosystem Services:Progress and Prospective

在分析国内外流域生态系统服务研究动态的基础上,归纳全球流域(河流、湿地)尺度生态系统服务研究案例的分类和评估方法,重点阐述以水循环和水生态过程为纽带的流域生态系统产品和服务的特点和内涵,总结提出流域生态系统服务的研究重点是与水有关的水资源服务和水生态服务。强调今后要加强流域尺度上的科学研究与政策、管理的对接和应用,通过科学规范的流域生态系统服务评估,为流域生态补偿、生态修复机制的建立和流域水环境综合管理提供有力支撑。

In the context of increased stresses of global climate change and human activities, watershed scale problems such as water quality degradation, eutrophication, soil erosion, as well as destruction of habitat, have greatly influenced the provision and sustainability of ecosystem services. Based on analysis of global research progress with focus on watershed ecosystem services, methods for classification and evaluation of cases of watershed （river, wetland） ecosystem services for study the world over have been summarized, characteristics and connotation of the products and services of watershed ecosystem with water cycling and water ecology as link are elaborated. It is concluded that the key of the research on watershed ecosystem services is water related water resource services and water ecological services, and it is emphasized that watershed scaled scientific research in future should be intensified and oriented toward serving policy-making and management and towards application. A scientific normalized evaluation of watershed ecosystem services is required to provide a solid knowledge basis for watershed ecological compensation, establishment of mechanisms for ecology restoration and integrated management of watershed waler environment.