个人自立与自我图式、他人图式

Personal Self-Support,Self-Schema,and Other-Schema

根据前期系列研究的结果提出了高个人自立者的自我图式、他人图式均比低个人自立者积极的假设,从外显和内隐两个方面分别设计实验对个人自立高分组和低分组各30名大学生进行了研究,以检验该假设。研究1采用形容词4级评定任务,结果发现:①在反应时指标上,高、低个人自立组的差异不显著;②在评价等级指标上,个人自立高分组对积极词的评价等级显著高于低分组,对消极词的评价等级边缘显著的低于低分组。研究2采用外来情绪Simon任务(extrinsic affective Simon task,EAST),结果发现:①在反应时指标上,在过去自我和将来自我条件下,高、低个人自立组的EAST分数没有显著差异,在现在自我条件下,个人自立高分组的EAST分数显著高于低分组;在过去、现在和将来他人条件下,个人自立高分组的EAST分数均显著高于低分组。②在错误率指标上,高、低个人自立组的差异不显著。总的来看,两个子研究的结果均支持了研究假设。

Interest in the relationship between personality and the self has a long history. Prior studies showed that individuals have trait-congruency self-schema and that some health-related personality traits are related to positive or negative self-schema. Other-schemas also are important and related to mental health. However, few studies have focused on the relation of personality, self-schema and other-schema. According to previous studies, self-schema and other-schema are assumed to be the cognitive units of personal self-support. Specifically, the present study presumed that the self-schema and other-schema of high personal self-support people would be more positive than those for low personal self-support people. Two studies were designed to test our hypotheses by explicit and implicit experiments, respectively. Sixty undergraduate students selected from a larger pool of 189 students were invited to participate in the two studies. The high and low personal self-support groups both had 30 participants, respectively. Study 1 used the adjective-rated task to explore me relation of personal self-support,self-schema and other-schema at the explicit level. The results revealed that there were no significant different between high and low personal self-support groups on reaction times. The rated grades for positive adjectives in the high personal self-support group were significantly higher than those in the low personal self-support group. In addition, the rated grades of high personal self-support group for negative adjectives were marginally significantly lower than those for the low personal self-support group. In study 2, the relation of personal self-support, self-schema and other-schema were examined at the implicit level using the extrinsic affective Simon task （EAST）. The results showed that EAST reaction time scores on past self and future self in high personal self-support group did not significantly differ from comparable scores in the low personal self-support group. EAST reaction time scores on present-self, past-other, present-other, and future-other for the high personal self-support group were significantly greater than for the low personal self-support group. There were no significant differences between the high and the low personal self-support groups on EAST error rate scores. Overall, our hypotheses were supported in both studies. This suggests that individuals with high personal self-support have positive self-schema and other-schema, whereas individuals with low personal self-support have negative self-schema and other-schema.