归因取向理论建构及实证

Theoretical Construction and Empirical Research on Attribution Orientation

尝试用一种新的视角——取向研究视角,对以往归因理论进行整合研究,建构一种与社会情境结合更紧密,更具概括性的归因取向理论。归因取向理论的假设建构模型包括四种归因取向维度:社会取向,个人取向,积极取向和消极取向。根据理论模型编制归因取向量表,以1301名被试为研究对象,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法对该理论模型进行实证研究。结果证明了该理论建构的存在,理论建构中各维度的因素负荷和拟合指数良好,归因取向量表具有良好的信度和建构效度。检验归因取向维度和8个社会心理变量的关系,证明了四种归因取向维度具有概括性、普遍性、稳定性和评估有效性特征。

From Heider＇s proposed attribution theory in 1958 until now, attribution theory is a hot spot of social psychology all the time. In the history of attribution theory studies, numerous attribution theories have been proposed, and the most representative and widely-influenced attribution theories include： Heider＇s two-dimensional theory; Keller＇s variance analysis theory; Rotter＇s control point theory, etc. Above- mentioned theories have the following characteristics： That pay great attention to details, but there is not enough stress on the human psychology＇s total persoective. This paper tries to use a new angle of view-orientation research to deal with the previous attribution theory research, and to construct an attribution orientation theory which is combined With social situation more closely and more generally. The presumptive model of attribution orientation theory has four dimensions： social orientation, individual orientation, active orientation and negative orientation. According to the above-mentioned construction, we formed our attribution orientation scale. In ShenZhen, our evaluators rate 1301 subjects with the attribution orientation scale, Dealing with data by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method. Results showed the existence of such a theoretical construction. In attribution orientation＇s theoretical construction, factors load and fitting index of each dimension is good, and attribution orientation scale had good reliability and construction validity. At the beginning of attribution orientation＇s theory construction, theory supposition was set to 4 orientation dimensions respectively independence. This supposition has obtained the support of EFA, CFA result and the correlation analysis result. Through the subscales score＇s operation, we expanded the application space of attribution orientation scale. This scale estimated that this scale is estimated to produce obvious application value in social psychology and management psychology domain, such as talent selection, talent appointment, talent evaluation, talent supervision, career planning, individual psychological healthy and the social adaptation. After inspecting the relationship between Attribution orientation dimensions and 8 social psychological variables, the following characters of four attribution orientation dimensions have been confirmed： generalizability, stability and effectiveness for evaluation.